I would challenge the idea that a simple annual vacancy percentage is conservative enough. A high-rent, multi-bedroom property can have lumpy outcomes: lost rent during a changeover, cleaning or repairs at the same time, and management work concentrated into that period. Model one actual...
Group genuinely minor, unrelated items if the tenant agrees to a reasonable appointment date, but I wouldn’t postpone anything that might indicate an electrical fault. One proper investigation can be cheaper than repeated call-outs that only treat symptoms. Keep a dated maintenance history so...
The word “expected” remains the largest warning sign. In Berlin, the tenancy status and circumstances of the proposed rent need checking against the applicable rules. I would not value the duplex on a target amount until that amount is shown to be achievable.